Cosmology Science Vs Religion Essay - 822 Words

In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Christian belief encountered significant opposition. Until then, most of the world shared the belief of the â€Å"Medieval world view† that not only was the earth positioned at the center of the universe, but that God was all knowing, all powerful and all good. God was thought to have created and sustained the wondrous workings of the universe. This belief told the people all they needed to know about the meaning and purpose of life. Then, scientific discovery and methods began to undermine religious beliefs. Scientists began to reveal that natural laws and natural forces governed the world. Opposing beliefs, e.g. the Marxism belief, criticized Christian views. People like, Bacon, Copernicus, Kepler,†¦show more content†¦Although science explains much about life and the universe, some people choose to believe religion. One major reason for the contrast in views is the difference of interpretations of the Bible. Extreme Christians take the story of Genesis purely literally and believe God created the world in six days, leaving no room for the arguments of science. Others still believe in the story of Genesis but that instead of six days, six periods of time. Others, however, completely reject Christianity. Despite claims that scientific discovery and methods have never really ‘challenged’ Christian belief, I personally feel that Christians have responded well to any attacks. Some Christians firmly believe that the universe has arisen completely through a miraculous act of God and completely reject scientific theories. This is called ‘creationism’. Another attack on scientific arguments is the ‘First Cause’ theory introduced by Thomas Aquinas. Aquinas once quoted that â€Å"the universe couldn’t have simply sprung from nothing†; therefore, one is forced to reach the conclusion that it is caused to exist by something. The ‘big bang’ is not accepted, as this is not answering what caused this to happen. After a series of questioning, most reach the conclusion of God. The Anthropic Principle is a prime example ofShow MoreRelated Creationism vs. Evolution Essays1663 Words   |  7 PagesCreationism vs. Evolution This paper will focus on the huge controversy between Creationism and Evolution. I will provide two opposing viewpoints on this subject. First, the discussion will focus on the question of why many people believe that God created the universe and all living things. On the other end of the spectrum, scientific information will be presented that substantiates the evidence against the existence of God. This creationism counter-argument known as evolution has itsRead MoreModern Science Over The Course Of The Year1502 Words   |  7 PagesWe have been reviewing modern science over the course of the year. But trying to compare and contrast the transition between modern and contemporary. 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In this notion an unordered world is chaotic only until is it transposed during a sacred time: â€Å"By occupying it and, above all, by settling in it, man symbolically transforms it into a cosmos though a ritual repetition of the cosmogony† (EliadeRead MoreEvolution, Structure, And Ultimate Fate Of Neil Degrasse Tyson2479 Words   |  10 Pagesconstant mystery and challenge to humankind. Humans wish to understand what is beyond their immediate environment. Cosmology is the study of the universe, more specifically, the origins, evolution, history, structure, and ultimate fate. In Greek, the term â€Å"cosmos† means universe, which is the very foundation of the study. Cosmology’s largest critic is Creationism; thus, science and religion battle it out to discover what is true and right in the world. The history of the universe extends past the beginningRead More Science and Religion: Our Attitudes Today Are Tomorrows Future3013 Words   |  13 Pagesbranches of science. 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It is likely therefore, that Jung fed his own ideas on Kantian cosmology to his fifteen year-old niece S.W., who then distilled it all back to him in the mythic forms of a mediums visions, which he then later re-expressedRead MoreConfucianism And Its Influence On Society2178 Words   |  9 PagesConfucianism can be regarded as a religion, a belief, a way of ruling and a basis for laying the ground rules for the East Asian countries. Confucianism had gone through so many transformations and has been affected by many religions and dynasties. Many dynasties have adapted the ways of Confucianism, which state that there is a connection between humans and heaven. However, as time progressed, religions such as Buddhism and Daoism also adapted the ways of Confucianism, but they changed some of itsRead MoreTheories of How Life Began on Earth1782 Words   |  8 Pagesdid matter come to exist? Obviously, the search for clues has not ceased. 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Community Mental Health For Children With Problem...

Ryan is in home-based services at Community Mental Health which means that Ryan’s therapist will come to his home and school for therapy treatment. In additional to the home-based services the therapist used the Parent Management Training – Oregon (PMTO) model. PMTO is a prevention and treatment method for children with problem behaviors (Sigmarsdà ³ttir Guà °mundsdà ³ttir, 2013). PMTO is an evidence-based practice and has many strong studies completed to reflect the strengths of the treatment. Solhom, Ogden, and Jakobsen (2014), report that their clinical outcomes were successfully met by using the robust PMTO treatment intervention, meaning that their clients were able to form a stronger attachment between the children and parents as well as an improvement in behaviors with the children. Another study completed by Wachlarowicz, Snyder, Low, Forgatch, and DeGarmo (2012) on the benefits of PMTO with antisocial parents related a growth in positive parenting and a dec rease in coercive parenting. Their findings supported the effectiveness of PMTO as a preventive intervention for child conduct problems. PMTO is not only beneficial for the children’s behavioral success, but also the success building for the parents. PMTO works by the therapist coaching and supporting parents to treat their children’s behavior problems. Sigmarsdà ³ttir and Guà °mundsdà ³ttir (2013) believes that â€Å"family interactions that are characterized by escalating negative interactions contribute to coercive patterns

Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbine System Free Essays

Chapter 5 Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbine System STANDALONE WIND ENERGY SYSTEM Size OF WIND SYSTEM COMPONENTS The sizing methodological analysis adopted for the bing Wind power system for the small town Umrikheda is explained consistently as follows: Calculation of electric burden The burden of small town Umrikheda 150 kWh/day can be operated by the proposed base entirely weave energy system. The elaborate size methodological analysis adopted for day-to-day electrical burden of the distant small town Umrikheda which is operated by the present WIND system is given in below Table 5.1. We will write a custom essay sample on Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbine System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Table 5.1: Electrical burden of small town Umrikheda S. No. Energy ingestion ( Wh/day ) 1 Families 98,500 2 Street illuming 15,800 3 School 26,500 4 Others 9200 Entire 150 kWh/day The entire day-to-day electric burden of the small townimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.001.png"/ The designed burden for the air current energy system must be higher than the entire electrical burden of the location because at the clip of operation burden fluctuations and power losingss are occurs in the air current turbine system. The designed burden for the air current turbine systemimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.002.png"/ From equation ( 5.2 ) the day-to-day electrical ingestion for planing of air current turbine energy system is obtained as 225 kWh/day. The factor 1.5 is known as Fudge factor. This accounts for efficiency losingss, wiring and interconnectedness losingss and besides the battery charging and discharging losingss in the WES constituents. size of air current turbine The selected air current turbine must fit the air current features at the site and it should bring forth optimal energy with a high capacity factor ( CF ) to run into the electrical energy demand. The Turbine size is determined utilizing Eq. ( 5.4 ) . Based on the power equation of air current turbine the diameter of turbine is considered 18 m so that the swept country of the air current turbine for the bing power system is obtained with the usage of diameter. The power equation for air and turbine are given as follows. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.003.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.004.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.005.png"/ Where ? is the air denseness and its value is 1.225, CPhosphorusis power coefficient with changeless value 0.59, A is the swept country of the selected air current turbine and V is the mean hourly air current velocity of the location which is 4.5 m/sec. based on Eq. ( 5.4 ) the power of one air current turbine is obtained as 8.38 kilowatt. The entire figure of wind turbine required to carry through the load demand of the location is 27 turbines each of 8.38 kilowatt capacities. Sizing of battery bank The battery bank size in kW hr can be determined by the Eq. ( 5.5 ) . For bettering life of battery and for back-to-back cloudy yearss the figure of autonomy yearss is considered as 3 yearss in the proposed air current power system. The deep cycling will be occasional during nebulose yearss and therefore better the battery life. The three yearss of liberty was used by zero energy visitants centre ( ZEVC ) located at the Van Ness Campus of University of the District of Columbia as reported in 2006 by the Center of Excellence for Renewable Energy ( CERE ) [ 7 ] . Battery bank Size img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.006.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.007.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.008.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.009.png"/ Here the figure of autonomy yearss is considered 3 yearss and the maximal deepness of discharge for the battery bank is taken 75 % . The size of battery bank is 900 kWh calculated by Eq. ( 5.5 ) . Capacity of battery bank The capacity of the battery bank in ampere-hours can be evaluated by spliting the safe energy storage required by the DC electromotive force of one battery as shown in Eq. ( 5.6 ) . In the bing system we have chosen the evaluation of battery is 12 V and 350 Ah. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.010.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.011.png"/ Harmonizing to the obtained capacity of the battery bank from Eq. ( 5.6 ) , another determination has to be made sing the capacity of each of the batteries of that bank. The battery bank is composed of batteries that are connected in series and in parallel harmonizing to the selected battery electromotive force evaluation and the system demands. Number of batteries The entire figure of batteries is obtained by spliting the capacity C of the battery bank in ampere-hours by the capacity of one of the battery selected in ampere-hours which is calculated by Eq. ( 5.7 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.012.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.013.png"/ The figure of batteries required for the system is obtained from the Eq. ( 5.7 ) is 214.28 which is rounded to 216 batteries. The connexion of batteries can easy be figured out by happening out the figure of series and parallel affiliated batteries. With system DC-voltage of 48 V, the figure of batteries connected in series is obtained by Eq. ( 5.8 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.014.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.015.png"/ The figure of series connected batteries is determined by Eq. ( 5.8 ) which is 4. With the usage of this value we can cipher the batteries connected in analogue or the figure of strings by Eq. ( 5.9 ) which is as follows. No. of strings ( batteries connected in analogue ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.016.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.017.png"/ The figure of parallel strings of four series connected batteries is determined by Eq. ( 5.9 ) . The entire figure of batteries is 216 which can be arranged in 54 parallel strings and each of the twine consists of 4 series connected batteries. The Ah capacity of battery bank gets added when batteries are connected in analogue and remains same when batteries are connected in series. Converter sizing The convertor size is chosen as it fulfills the burden demand when the system is non runing. The dc electromotive force of the bing system is 48 V so the convertor must be chosen which takes the Ac end product from the air current turbine and change over it into 48 V District of Columbia. The evaluation of convertor should ne’er be lower than the system evaluation, it is ever 10 % higher than the system evaluation. The size of convertor for the present system can be calculated by Eq. ( 5.10 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.018.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.019.png"/ The mean power of the contraptions that may run at the same time at the same clip is taken as 40 kilowatt. So the needed convertor must be capable of managing 40 kilowatt. Cost OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS Cost of turbine Turbine is dwelling of four chief constituents as Blades, Hub, nose cone and tower. The cost of all these constituents is sums up for finding the entire cost of air current turbine. The below look shows the entire cost of turbine as follows. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.020.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.021.png"/ In the present survey we have used WES 5 Tulipo type air current turbine. The cost of one air current turbine is a‚? 51000 and the entire cost of air current turbine is obtained as a‚? 1,377,000. Cost of battery bank The cost of battery bank can be calculated on the footing of existent size of the battery bank. Cost of battery bank can be calculated by the Eq. ( 5.12 ) . The cost of one battery bank is multiplied by the entire figure of batteries to cipher the coat of battery bank. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.022.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.023.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.024.png"/ The cost of one battery of bank is a‚? 13000 as reported by SECO [ 6 ] and besides reported in website [ 13 ] . Cost of convertor The cost of convertor can be calculated by below Eq. ( 5.13 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.025.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.026.png"/ The cost of convertor determined by Eq. ( 13 ) is a‚? 178479824. Capital investing cost of air current energy system ( CO) The capital cost of air current power system includes the construction cost and the cost of land used for the system. In the present survey the land required for puting air current turbines and batteries is 5000 pess2. Cost of land in the proposed small town Umrikheda is 555.5 Rs/feet2. So, the entire monetary value of land is a‚? . 2,800,000 approximate. The capital investing cost of the air current system is calculated by below Eq. ( 5.14 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.027.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.028.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.029.png"/ The balance of system or construction cost is about 20 % of the entire air current system constituent cost which is widely assumed all over the universe as reported by SECO [ 6 ] Besides, assume that cost of securing the land for the air current energy system is 20 % of the entire air current system component cost. Based on these premises, the capital cost ( CO) for the air current system is determined utilizing above combining weight. ( 5.14 ) . Operating and care cost of the system The operating and care cost for the proposed system is 2 % of the capital cost of the system. The computation of the operating and care cost is as given by Eq. ( 5.15 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.030.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.031.png"/ The operating and care cost of is added to the capital investing cost of the system to happen out the modified cost of the system. So, the modified capital investing cost of the system is a‚? 10,734,233.24 with the usage of Eq’s. ( 5.14 ) and ( 5.15 ) . LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS FOR WT SYSTEM Replacement cost of battery bank system In the present Wind energy system the life of air current turbine and the battery is considered as 30 old ages and 5 ears severally and the life rhythm cost analysis is based on the life clip of both the turbine and the battery. The subsidised involvement rate usually offered by authorities sectors in India to advance the usage of renewable energy applications is 4 % . So, we have taken the rate of involvement is 4 % for our system. In India the old batteries are replaced on the discount of 7 % on entire cost of battery. With the premise of unvarying replacing of battery throughout the life of the system the replacing cost of battery bank after 5 old ages is calculated by Eq. ( 5.16 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.032.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.033.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.034.png"/ In the present system the replacing cost of batteries is obtained as a‚? 2611440. Present Battery bank cost The present cost of battery bank for future investings at every five old ages interval can be determined by combining weight. ( 5.17 ) as follows: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.035.png"/ ( 5.17 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.036.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.037.png"/ The present battery bank cost is obtained as a‚? 7547648.06 with 4 % involvement rate. 4 % is the subsidised involvement rate usually offered by authorities sectors in India to advance the usage of renewable energy applications. In this life rhythm cost analysis the salvage value ( S ) of WT system at the terminal of 30 old ages life was assumed equal to the present cost of balance of system since the depreciation of balance of system was considered tantamount to the rate of escalation in the monetary value of structural steel per kilogram. Present Salvage value of WT system The present salvage value of the system can be calculated by Eq. ( 5.18 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.038.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.039.png"/ Net Present cost of WT system Net present cost of WT system ( CInternet) is determined as summing up of capital investing ( CO) , all other cost constituents converted into present cost and subtracted by present salvage value. The net present cost of PV system was determined utilizing Eq. ( 5.19 ) as follows: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.040.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.041.png"/ Annualized Lifecycle Cost of WT system The annualized life rhythm cost of WT power system over the 30 old ages lifetime is expressed mathematically utilizing Eq. ( 5.20 ) [ 14 ] as follows img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.042.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.043.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.044.png"/ Capacity use factor ( CUF ) The capacity use factor can be calculated by the undermentioned Eq. ( 5.21 ) . The CUF is calculated to ease the unit cost of electricity. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.045.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.046.png"/ The CUF is obtained by the above Eq. which is basically a step of electrical energy generated per KW of installed capacity per twelvemonth. Capital recovery factor ( CRF ) The below Eq. ( 5.22 ) shows the look of capital recovery factor. It is used to find the sum of each hereafter rente payment required to roll up a given present value for known values of involvement rates and figure of payments. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.047.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.048.png"/ 4 % is the subsidised involvement rate usually offered by authorities sectors in India to advance the usage of renewable energy applications. Unit of measurement cost of electricity ( UCE ) Using the capacity use factor the unit cost of electricity can be calculated by below Eq. ( 5.23 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.049.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.050.png"/ Where COis the capital cost, m is the fraction of capital cost used on operation and care of the system and P is the capacity of the air current power coevals system. Payback period The EPBT signifies clip period required by energy output for counterbalancing the energy investings on the Stand Alone Wind Turbine power works. The energy payback clip for the bing SAWT system installed on steel construction over the land surface can be calculated based on the below Eq. ( 5.24 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.051.png"/ The payback period for the proposed Wind Turbine system is calculated as 14.43 old ages with a‚? 9 Per unit cost of the system running for 30 old ages. Carbon monoxide2EMISSION MITIGATION AND CARBON CREDIT POTENTIAL FROM PROPOSED SAWT SYSTEM The C recognition potency of Wind power system is determined on the footing of entire sum of CO2emanations extenuation from the system in its life clip. The Co2emanation and C recognition potency are given by the below expression. Co2emanation mitigated from WT system Conversion of Energy through Wind Turbine ( WT ) system is one of the more dependable and environmental friendly renewable energy engineerings which have the possible to lend significantly in the development of sustainable energy systems for coevals of power. It besides plays an of import function in CO2emanations extenuation. To cipher the entire CO2emanations mitigated from the present SAPV power system a mathematical calculation is carried out. The mean strength of CO2emanation from coal thermic power works in India is 1.57 kg/kWh [ 1, 16 ] . The entire extenuation of CO2emanations from the bing SAWT system for 30 old ages life can be calculated utilizing Eq. ( 5.25 ) as follows: img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.052.png"/ ( 5.25 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.053.png"/ A air current turbine power system does non disperse immense sum of heat energy into the environing environment and saves a big sum of CO2emanations. Hence, WT systems are eco friendly systems and a good option for power coevals and must be preferred where electricity is non available or grid power is costlier. Carbon Credit potency of proposed WT system The entire sum of C recognition earned by proposed Wind Turbine power system can be calculated by the undermentioned Eq. ( 5.26 ) as follows. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.054.png"/ ( 5.26 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1500742.055.png"/ The factor considered in Eq. ( 5.26 ) is a‚? 1760/ton of CO2extenuation represents the pecuniary value of one C recognition for extenuation of 1 ton of CO2emanation [ 18 ] . Consequence of C recognition potency The CO2emanation extenuation from the bing power system is estimated as 88.31 tons/year from Eq. ( 5.25 ) for n peers to 1 twelvemonth. The entire CO2emanation mitigated by bing PV system in 30 old ages life clip is estimated utilizing Eq. ( 5.25 ) as 2649.375 dozenss. The C recognition from the bing WT system is obtained utilizing Eq’s. ( 5.25 ) and ( 5.26 ) . The C recognition affects the unit cost of electricity produced from non-polluting WT power system. Consequence The life rhythm cost analysis is carried out for the presented standalone Wind Turbine power system and the cardinal consequences obtained are listed in Table 5.4. The unit electricity cost utilizing Wind Turbine systems were estimated as a‚? 9/kWh for the involvement rate of 4 % , 30 old ages life of WT system and 5 old ages life of battery bank. Table 5.2: Consequences of WT power system S.No. Component Cost ( a‚? ) 1 Wind Turbine 1,377,000 2 Battery bank 2,808,000 4 Converter 1,784,798.4 5 Capital investing 10,734,233.24 6 Battery replacing 2,611,440 7 Salvage value 3,313,034.95 8 Net nowadays value 14,968,882.35 9 10 11 Unit of measurement cost of electricity Carbon monoxide2emanation mitigated Carbon recognition earned 9/kWh 2649375 dozenss or 88.31 tons/yr a‚? 4519833.75 or a‚? 150661.125/yr The energy consumed by the burden per twelvemonth was determined as 56250 kWh/year and matching CO2 emanation mitigated is estimated as 88.31 tons/year. The entire CO2 emanation mitigated by bing PV system in 30 old ages life clip was estimated utilizing Eq. ( 5.25 ) as 2649.375 dozenss. How to cite Modeling and Simulation of Wind Turbine System, Essay examples

Paintball The Safe Sport Essay Example For Students

Paintball: The Safe Sport Essay So, your son, daughter, or husband is begging for your okay to buy the latest paintball equipment. Its surprising, but after only one or two trips to the paintball field, folks just get hooked! While youd like to share their enthusiasm for the sport and give your much needed go ahead, you are concerned with your loved ones shooting paintballs at other players and being shot at. Dont feel like youre alone. These are common and serious concerns that deserve a thoughtful response. The following paragraphs will hopefully explain why our sport is the fastest growing sport in the world and that it doesnt have anything to do with people hurting one another. Paintball has had an astounding safety record. Medical and insurance statistics show that paintball is safer than bowling! This is a strong testimony to the game and they players who play it. Paintball is a safe sport as long as rules are followed. Insurance statistics also show that paintball is much safer than golf, jogging, downhill skiing, snow boarding, tennis, swimming and many other more common sports. Safety is highly stressed at most fields. The majority of fields require goggles be worn at all times unless in designated areas. In addition to this fields also require that barrel plugs (plastic inserts that prevent projectiles from leaving your guns barrel) be used while players are in certain areas. Ignoring safety is a good way to get yourself ejected from a field. Men and women of all ages and life-styles play paintball in over 30 countries. From schoolteachers or high school students, professionals or technicians, all paintball players share a love for adventure and a strong competitive team spirit. Paintball is similar to the childhood games of tag and hide and seek, but much more challenging and sophisticated. There are various game formats. Usually, a group of players will divide into two teams to play capture the flag. The number of players on a team varies from four or five players, to as many as 100 players on each side, limited only by the size of the playing field. The object of the game is to capture the other teams flag while defending your own flag station. Players compete to eliminate opposing players by tagging them with a paintball expelled from an airgun. Games usually have a time limit of 20 to 45 minutes. Between 10 15 games are played during one day. Between games, players may check their equipment, reload paintballs or have a snack and share stories about the thrills of victory and the usually funny agonies of defeat. Win or lose, everyone has a great time!A paintball is a round, dime-sized gelatin capsule with colored liquid inside. Paintballs are similar to large round vitamin capsules or bath oil beads. The liquid is non-toxic, non-caustic, water-soluble, and biodegradable. It rinses out of clothing and off skin with mild soap and water. Paintballs come in a rainbow of colors. When a paintball tags a player, the gelatin ball opens and the liquid leaves a paint mark. A player who is marked is eliminated from the game. Paintball guns come in a variety of styles. Some are small stock pistols, powered by small 12-gram CO2 cartridges that need to be changed after 15 to 25 shots. Other paintball guns are rifle-like, with shoulder stocks and longer barrels. These are powered by larger, refillable CO2 cylinders that supply hundreds of shots. Some paintball guns are pump-actions. Each time you shoot, you must first cock the paintball gun by using a pump. Other paintball guns are semi-automatic, which re-cock automatically. Just squeeze the trigger!Paintballs wont hit hard enough to cause an injury as long as proper safety procedures are followed. Protective covering with multiple layers of clothing is recommended. To protect their eyes, all players must always wear approved-for-paintball goggles in every area where shooting is allowed, even at the target range. Barrel plugs are required anywhere off the playing field. Professional referees on the playing field control the games, enforce the rules of fair play, and monitor safety rules. Most paintball fields have a staff of trained referees that allows them to conduct several games simultaneously. .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d , .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .postImageUrl , .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d , .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:hover , .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:visited , .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:active { border:0!important; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:active , .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1724f93d62178d199334b1b0f29e647d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Ashley Wright EssayPaintball is a sport where women and men compete equally and where age is not dominated by youth. Size and strength are not as important as intelligence and determination. Being able to think quickly and decisively are what makes a great player. Paintball is a character-building sport where every decision and every move counts. Players learn the importance of teamwork and strategy and can gain self-esteem while developing quick-thinking leadership abilities. Paintball is an exciting way to shake off day-to-day responsibilities and take a chance on a new adventure. When the game begins, the adrenaline starts pumping, and all players, from the meek and mild, to the bold and brave, strive for the irresistible thrill of victory. BibliographyWorks CitedSparks, Jessica. The Sport of Paintball: Dangerous or Safe? Action Pursuit Games (July 1999). 23-27Sparks, Jessica. Paintball Guns and Paintballs. Action Pursuit Games (September 1998). 11-13

Fukuyama’s Liberalism Versus State-Building an Example of the Topic History Essays by

Fukuyama’s Liberalism Versus State-Building Francis Fukuyama considers war and violence as an unavoidable, inevitable and essential part in the process of state-building. Essentially, Fukuyama agrees with Thomas Carothers in contending against Western governments-sponsored sequencing of development efforts in developing countries. Fukuyama is skeptical in the way that the United States and other Western governments support liberal autocrats. First, they establish order, pursue a policy of economic development and then establish democracy. The author is right in questioning the level of influence of these Western countries over the autocrats in the developing countries. He even looked at several examples in history where authoritarian regimes gradually transitioned to a more democratic system without following the sequence of events described by Huntington and by Zakaria. Need essay sample on "Fukuyamas Liberalism Versus State-Building" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One of the more interesting aspects of Fukuyamas article, however, is his view of war and violence as they relate to state building. He also looked at several examples in history to illustrate his contention. The history of the Civil War of the United States where violence became the inevitable means of solving the conflict of the North and South over the issue of slavery. He contends that without violence and war, the outcome of the Civil War would have been different, accommodations and compromises could have been instituted and thus, the United States would have been a weaker state and would not have been able to save Europe from devastation in World War II. University Students Frequently Tell EssayLab specialists:Who wants to write assignment for me?Professional writers recommend: Find Your Helping Hand!Cheap Custom Essays Write My Essay For Cheap How to do an Assignment Cheap Essay Writing In his conclusion, Fukuyama describes the present situation of international politics where war and violence are usually nipped at the bud, instead of allowing them to go through their full course. Such policy, he says, is good. But such policy does not always yield the best results. Fukuyama appears to support another kind of sequence in the development of state in developing countries. In this sequence, Fukuyama argues that war and violence are important components of the process. If such violence is prevented, they will resurface again and again. Such approach, however, violates humanitarian concerns. Why should innocent civilians and minorities in a given country be subjected to the brutal process of ethnic cleansing in the name of state-building? The process that Fukuyama supports is very Machiavellian. Furthermore, the author does not seem to believe that it is possible for various ethnicities and ideological leanings to co-exist under one flag. Conflicts must be resolved within the developing states. Certainly, there are various political processes that different sectors in such societies use to resolve conflicts and differences. Violence is always a last resort-something, which the civilized peoples of the world would rather not go through given a choice. Besides, who can guarantee that war and violence would accomplish the establishment of strong states? Fukuyamas assertions, however, are backed with lessons from history. We have yet to find a good example of strong state that did not develop from a bloody past. Still, going through war and violence is not something that people, in any state, would willingly go through. Just ask the victims of ethnic cleansing in Cambodia and Bosnia among other parts of the world. Reference: Francis Fukuyama 'The end of history and the last man. Francis Fukuyama.' New York : Perennial, 1992.

5 Steps to Quitting the Right Way

5 Steps to Quitting the Right Way Sometimes it’s just time to part ways from a job that is no longer working out. It’s time for you to take your job to a nice dinner, and break the news gently: â€Å"It’s not you, it’s me.† (Okay, let’s be honest: it’s always â€Å"you.†) If you’ve just plain reached the end of your patience and/or have a shiny new job waiting for you, there are ways to exit gracefully so that you can move on to the next opportunity with no regrets. Determine whether you really want to quitIf you’re angry over a particular ongoing situation, or you find that your dread and anxiety about work are dragging down the rest of your daily life, think long and hard about what quitting would mean. If you don’t yet have another job lined up, are you financially able to support yourself while you hunt for another one? It can be very tempting to bolt when things aren’t going well at work, but make sure you’ve put a lot of thought into whether this is truly quit-worthy, and that your overall well-being is served by leaving the position.Figure out whether you can fix the problem firstAgain, impulse quitting can be a very appealing option. Ask yourself questions like, â€Å"Is this situation likely to resolve soon if I don’t quit?† and â€Å"Are there any steps I can take to fix the situation without drastic measures?† If possible, talk things over with your supervisor. Let him or her know that you’re not happy with the way things are going, and you’d like to find a way to resolve that. There may be options available that you’re not aware of in the moment, when everything seems awful.Give noticeIf quitting is indeed the way to go (or you’ve got a better opportunity lined up), make sure you give an appropriate amount of notice. In most cases, that’s about two weeks. Your company may have a different policy, though, so double check with your HR depar tment if possible. If you’re breaking the news to your boss in person, make sure you follow up the conversation with a professional email that outlines your resignation and your end date.Be ready to train your replacementYour departure could leave a bit of a vacuum for your colleagues, especially if you have crucial tasks and responsibilities that affect others. Work with your soon-to-be-former boss to determine what the needs are for the post-you workplace. That could mean showing other coworkers the ropes on particular processes, or even training your replacement if your company is able to line one up before you leave.Don’t burn bridgesThe most important part of all: be gracious on your way out the door, regardless of the circumstances. This is especially true if you’re staying in the same field. You never know who’s connected on LinkedIn, or who were interns together ages ago and still meet for monthly drinks. A little graciousness lets you leave your current situation (no matter how lousy) and enter your new one without baggage- because who needs that kind of negativity? Sometimes jobs just don’t work out, and it’s not worth risking damage to your professional reputation to go all scorched-earth on your current workplace.

Is a 'Surveillance Society inevitable in the age of new media Essay

Is a 'Surveillance Society inevitable in the age of new media - Essay Example others construe to the transformation as a commencement pause from the total political fashions of the past times along with their calamitous results. It is quite significant to comprehend that this sense of moribund courteousness and contribution has established itself concomitantly with the propagation and broadening implementation of the new-fangled information and communication technologies or the ICTs, in particular to the internet as well as the world-wide web. Still, the interaction media are frequently supposed by description to be communal incorporating, thereby, generating a standardized eminent chore which delineates a communal majority (Lievrouw, 2001). This conviction has branched-out to various discourses regarding the internet and online communal groups, along with current experiential analyses. The global internet crops up with the foundation for an unmatched world-wide concord as well as communal justice progress all throughout the period of terrorism, war, and severe political combats. In the same way, the internet has experienced deep-seated alterations all throughout this period. Innovative web-forms have cropped up at the hyper-textual anatomical design of the internet, even as various online mechanisms have evolved from the technological tassel to embellish in to a centralized attribute of routinal life on the World Wide Web. Hence, this paper would analyze the way media has turned constantly political in current times, and how its growth structure has augmented politics in general terms. Critical financial times regrettably appear to bring along an increment in all sorts of offences. No matter which field an individual or commune belongs to, they are always at a stake of some form of

The challenge of managing diverse teams Coursework - 5

The challenge of managing diverse teams - Coursework Example of cultural diversity, culture differences and its associated conflicts have become the main challenges and drawbacks in such teams (Jager & Raich 2011) One advantage of this is that diverse teams have become an important factor in promoting organizational effectiveness Joplin & Daus (2010) and good leadership. Leaders learn to recognize and accommodate the views and opinions of the diverse team members; this can help in the generation of good organizational results in relation to productivity from a more concrete and diverse decision making process that gives them an advantage over their competitors. Another advantage of diverse teams is that it could not only help in achieve maximum performance of an organization,but can also help the company to acquire great opportunities and strengths and at the same time minimizing environmental threats and weaknesses. Diverse teams enhance organizational performance, the diverse skills and talents among team members can help in the promotion of invention and creativity within an institution. When diverse members work together, the output could be of more quality than a uniform team (Johnson & Suriya2002). Managing diverse teams also comes with it limitations and challenges.According to Jager & Raich(2011),one of the key challenges of management of diverse teams is the lack of appropriate leadership that can effectively manage cultural diversity in the employees of an organization. They state that global leaders need to acquire enough competence in order to properly manage cross-cultural teams. There is need for them to obtain skills in cross-cultural awareness to counter the challenges and demands that are associated with team diversity. Another limitation of diversity is the difficulty in making cohesion among members. Naturally, an individual will tend to feel comfortable to work with people of similar characteristics and opinions. This renders teamwork and unity among members to be more difficult. Leaders have a

WalMart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

WalMart - Essay Example The city council in Chicago has even passed an ordinance disallowing Wal-Mart from opening within city limits. This paper argues whether Wal-Mart is a destructive force or is good for the local economy. Wal-Mart has 3,400 stores in the US and is largest employer in US second only to the Federal Government. It is the largest grocer and plans to open 100 Supercenters in the next five years. It is sheer size, growth and profitability of Wal-Mart that it is in a position to define corporate trends. It is now in a position that it can dictate and perfect the nature of discount stores. Wal-Mart has the image of a friendly, all-American company employing happy workers and smiling greeters who are eager to help and grateful to work at Wal-Mart (Bianchi & Swinney, 2004). As a globalizing force, Wal-Mart exerts influence on the regional, local and national economy. It has restructured the American workforce and consumer behavior (Lavallee & Boyer, 2006). Its basic strategies revolutionized the global retain industry and led Wal-Mart to unprecedented heights. Wal-Mart never avoids critics. On the contrary they respond actively as they did when the city council of Los Angeles proposed to ban the store from the city. Wal-Mart revealed through a study of the economic impact that average savings per family per ear would be $500 if Wal-Mart opened a store in Los Angeles (Bianchi & Swinney). Apart from this, new jobs would be created which further boosts the local economy as spending power goes up. Wal-Mart counters its critics with two words – low price. Its low price policy helps millions to buy more from their meager pay checks. They can even indulge in minor luxuries. This makes the entire economy more efficient and productive. In the micro level this translates into low prices with better product. At the macro level it means economic growth, more jobs and higher tax revenues. Wal-Mart has helped to hold down inflation in US. A McKinsey & Co. study

Evidence-based Practice in Wound Cleansing

Evidence-based Practice in Wound Cleansing Introduction This essay defines the concept of evidence-based practice and discusses the importance of evidence-based practice for professional practice. The essay also selects an aspect of practice that is relevant to adult nursing, namely the use of water vs. saline for wound cleansing, provides a rationale for choosing that aspect within the context of evidence based practice, and, drawing on practice experience and examples of approbate evidence, discusses the extent to which the aspect of professional practice is informed by different types of evidence. In addition, the essay, with reference to the selected aspect of professional practice, discusses the factors that can hinder, or hinder the implementation of, evidence-based practice. Evidence-based practice is usually taken to mean using â€Å"the current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients† (see Sackett et al., 1996), with a more recent definition being, â€Å"Evidence-based practice requires that decisions about health care are based on best available, current, valid and relevant evidence. These decisions should be made by those receiving care, informed by the tacit and explicit knowledge of those providing care, within the context of available resources† (see Dawes et al., 2005). The importance of evidence-based practice for professional practice In terms of the importance of evidence-based practice for professional nursing practice, offering evidence-based assessments and treatments has become widespread across the nursing profession due to the need for the NHS to be seen to be accountable to their patients as part of the NHS Plan (see Griepp, 1992). In essence, in the context of the NHS Plan and the consequences of this for professional practice, the aim of evidence-based nursing practice is to treat the patient in the best possible way, as dictated by the most up-to-date evidence available, in a timely manner, in order to ensure the highest possible quality of care for that individual patient (Cluett and Bluff, 2000). Within the framework of the NHS, the NHS Plan has meant many changes to nursing practice, including improvements in the delivery of service but mainly placing emphasis on the prompt delivery of evidence-based care and the pro-active involvement of the patient in their own care. As part of this change, which is a sea-change in the way in which the NHS has traditionally viewed care, nursing staff need to commit themselves to lifelong learning and professional development, within an evidence-based practice framework. This evidence-based framework dictates that nursing staff must use the current best evidence when making decisions about patient care, in order to conform to the dictates of their particular guidelines for professional practice. This is especially pertinent considering the need to empower patients through involvement in patient care, under the dictates of the NHS Plan: as Playle and Keeley (1998) argue, patients are no longer passive receivers of care as the NHS now needs to be seen to be accountable to their patients. Offering evidence-based assessments and treatments fulfills the requirements to be accountable to patients through the use of up-to-date research to inform treatment practices, for example (see also Griepp, 1992). Rationale for choosing the use of water vs. saline in wound cleansing This section of the essay discusses an aspect of practice that is relevant to adult nursing, namely the use of water vs. saline for wound cleansing, and provides a rationale for choosing that aspect within the context of evidence-based practice. This aspect practice has been chosen as it is commonly found in nursing practice: many individuals present with wounds at all nursing levels, including AE, community nursing and intensive care, amongst others. The issue thus has widespread importance in nursing practice across many different areas of practice. An analysis of the extent to which the use of water vs. saline for wound cleansing is informed by different types of evidence This section of the essay will now draw on my practice experience, and, using examples of appropriate evidence, will discuss the extent to which the use of water vs. saline for wound cleansing is informed by different types of evidence. Cunliffe and Fawcett (2002) found that nurses are presented with a variety of wound cleansing options, from the products that can be used to cleanse wounds to the dressings that can be used. The work found that this makes it difficult for nurses to make decisions about patient treatment, which means that nursing staff, instead of looking to the literature for advice, turn to the RCN guidelines, which is not an ideal basis for evidence-based practice (Cunliffe and Fawcett, 2002). Betts (2003) found that wound cleansing with water does not differ from wound cleansing with other substances, in terms of wound infection and wound healing (similarly to Gannon, 2007; Hall, 2007 and Griffiths et al., 2001). Fernandez and Griffiths (2008) conducted a systematic review of the literature on the use of water for wound cleansing and found that, whilst saline is usually favoured for wound cleansing, tap water is also a viable alternative, as it does not increase infection and there is some evidence that using tap water actually reduces the risk of infection, even in acute wounds. Their conclusion was that boiled tap water can be used as a wound cleansing agent (Fernandez and Griffiths, 2008), a conclusion also reached by Moscati et al. (2007), O’Neill (2002), Valente et al. (2003), Whaley (2004) and Riyat and Quinton (1997). Thus, the evidence from the research conducted on this subject suggests, overwhelmingly, that tap water is a viable alternative to saline for wound cleansing. The RCN guidelines for wound cleansing still, however, state that saline should be used for wound cleansing. The next section will look at this discrepancy in detail. The factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of evidence-based practice in wound cleansing This section makes reference to the selected aspect of professional practice in order to discuss the factors that facilitate or hinder the implementation of evidence-based practice. There are many structures designed to support evidence-based nursing practice, including research and development that translates in to best practice guidelines. However, whilst it is clear that nursing staff, under the dictates of the NHS Plan, need to work within an evidence-based care framework, there are no guidelines as to how research is best incorporated in to their practice, in terms of what research should be used or what questions should be asked of that research, and so nursing staff often end up following guidelines that are produced for them, by the NHS. These guidelines are based on current research, and so do provide evidence-based care for patients, in some sense, but following guidelines does not involve nursing staff being directly involved in evidence-based care. As one of the main principles of evidence-based practice is that decisions about care should be based on the best currently available evidence from research, this situation is not ideal. Under a true evidence-based practice framework, nursing staff should be regularly undertaking literature searches themselves, to ensure that they themselves keep up to date with the research, and that they are aware of any new recommendations for nursing practice that are suggested by this research. They should then be implementing these new recommendations. This, however, provides difficulties, in that nurses are bound, by their professional training, to provide the usual standards of care, with the possible implication that, should a nurse try a new treatment method on a patient, following their research on a subject, as part of the evidence-based framework, and this treatment is not successful, the nurse would have let the patient down, under the guidelines provided for their professional practice. This, thus, provides a dilemma for nursing staff, who are bound to work under an evidence-based framework, but who are – in practice reliant on the timely provision of updates to treatment guidelines, which are based on an evidence-based framework but which have not been researched individually by the nursing staff. For example, as has been seen, there are many research publications that show how water can be beneficial in cleansing wounds, but the current recommended practice from the RCN guidelines is that â€Å"irrigation of the wound with saline is usually sufficient† with the provided rationale for this being that, â€Å"cleansing traumatic wounds with saline was associated with a lower rate of clinical infection when compared to tap water (Angeras et al., 1992)†, the RCN guidelines do concede that no clinical trials have been performed comparing tap water and saline water in wound cleansing and, as such, that there is no real evidence-base for these recommendations. Nursing staff working within an evidence-based framework could read the literature supporting water as an effective wound cleanser, and could base their treatment on this literature, which, whilst being within the scope of evidence-based practice, as recommended by the NHS Plan, would go against what they are recommended to do by their professional body. In the example discussed in this essay, therefore, the evidence as provided by the research has not yet been translated in to an up-to-date set of guidelines for nursing staff to follow. It seems, therefore, that patients are not being treated according to the best possible set of treatments according to the research, but, as the RCN guidelines state, there has, as yet, been no clinical trial of wound cleansing with water vs. saline, and so, even if the research suggests tap water is an effective, if not more effective wound cleanser than saline, until a clinical trial has been undertaken testing this, the recommendations for treatme nt will not change. In this case, however, a clinical trial is extremely difficult to imagine, due to the temporary and highly individual nature of wounds, which makes it impossible to provide clinical trial conditions to test water vs. saline as wound cleansing agents. As such, even though the literature suggests that tap water is an effective, if not more effective, wound cleanser than saline, saline will still continue to be used, as this has been used historically, and because no clinical trial has been set up proving the effectiveness of tap water, meaning that tap water cannot be recommended as a wound cleanser, in that it is not recommended in the RCN guidelines for nursing staff. Nursing staff are, however, under the evidence-based practice framework, able to apply, monitor and record wound cleansing using tap water. This approach allows nursing staff to approach the process of evidence-based practice in a series of steps (as recommended by Cluett and Bluff, 2000), within the guidelines provided by the RCN. The first step is defining the research question, based on evidence gained from treating patients in practice, which, in this case would be, â€Å"What is the best way to cleanse a patients wound, using tap water or saline?†. The next step would be to search for and to read all the relevant literature, and then to decide, on the basis of that literature, what the best treatment options are for the patient. This would, as has been seen, overwhelmingly suggest that tap water is the best treatment option, but the RCN guidelines would suggest that saline is the best treatment option. The nurse would thus be obliged to use saline but could apply, monitor and record wound cleansing using tap water, as part of the evidence-based framework they are encouraged to follow. Evaluation of the care provided and the processes through which the care was decided upon and administered would constitute the third and final step of the evidence-based framework (as given by Cluett and Bluff, 2000), which would gather all the relevant information and then would evaluate the results of this treatment in terms of finding a better solution for wound cleansing. This step-by-step approach to evidence-based practice allows for gradual improvements in the delivery of patient care through a process of gathering evidence of best practice. As has been seen, however, often nursing staff are not encouraged to follow this pathway as they are obliged to be bound by the guidelines for treatment provided by their professional body, the RCN, which, in this case, recommends a treatment option that seems outdated, according to the current research. Conclusion As shown by the appraisal of evidence for the use of tap water vs. saline as a wound cleanser, evidence-based practice in a nurses working life can be hindered by their professional guidelines, which, in this case, have not been updated based on the findings of current research. Whilst evidence-based practice facilitates best treatment practice for patients (as dictated by the NHS Plan) through the step-by-step approach outlined by Cluett and Bluff (2000), in this case, this facilitation is not enabled through the failure of the RCN to update their guidelines. Angeras M.H. et al. (1992). Comparison between sterile saline and tap water for the cleaning of acute traumatic soft tissue wounds. European Journal of Surgery, 158; 6-7: 347-50. Betts, J. (2003). Review: wound cleansing with water does not differ from no cleansing or cleansing with other solutions for rates of wound infection or healing. Evidence Based Nursing 6, pp.81. Cluett, E. and Bluff, R. (eds.), 2000. Principles and Practice of research in midwifery. Bailliere Tindall. Cormack, D., 2000. The research process in nursing. Oxford: Blackwell Science. Cunliffe, P.J. and Fawcett, T.N. (2002). Wound cleansing: the evidence for the techniques and solutions used. Professional Nursing 18, pp.95-99. 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Nooligan and Street Boy Essay -- English Literature

Nooligan and Street Boy The poems "Nooligan" by Roger McGough and "Street Boy" by Gareth Owen are two poems which both deal with the issue of teenage hooliganism, and both poets use language to create a vivid sense of character. Although both deal with the same theme, there are many similarities and differences between the two. "Nooligan" is about a boy who thinks he is really powerful and harsh but is actually an uneducated boy trying to be a real hooligan. "Street Boy" is also about a hooligan except that he actually is more powerful and has a higher status than the inferior "Nooligan". One of the main similarities is that both the poets present the characters as using slang language or some sort of incorrect form of English. In "Nooligan" for example the boy says in the fourth line of the third verse: Football's me game (Well, watchin') McGough has used "me" instead of my. This portrays the "Nooligan" as unintelligent and uneducated because of the use of words and grammar, because the poem gives us an impression that "Nooligan" isn't the type of person who would work hard (he doesn't "give a toss"), I'm not surprised at the hooligan's English. The use of slang by the hooligan in "Street Boy" is the word "hark" instead of listen or hear and "stompin'" instead of walking. The effects that these two words put on us are that we start to think that the boy actually does have some power and attitude, and we believe that he actually is the bully that he's talking about. But at the same time, the use of these slang words makes the characters appear to be foolish and idiotic. Another similarity that the poet employs in the two poems is that in both of them, the first line of each verse is the sa... ...he is. The words "stompin'", "silence", "spaced", "stoned" all show that. In conclusion, the two poems are very interesting and engaging in terms of the use of words, tone, structure etc. The poets Roger McGough ("Nooligan") and Gareth Owen ("Street Boy") use specific techniques to give the poems a certain effect. There are differences and similarities between the two obviously. The main similarity is the poets' use of slang and an incorrect form of English and the main difference is the language and vocabulary between the two poems. Something worth mentioning is that the poets have made the poems relate to all teenagers in general since the name of the "Nooligan" and the "Street Boy" aren't given. So overall, there are a lot of similarities and differences between the two, but both are to the point and give you a general idea of what the poem is about.